A 2.5 GHz Optoelectronic Amplifier in 0.18 m CMOS

The ever-growing need for high speed data transmission is driven by multimedia and telecommunication demands. Traditional metallic media, such as copper coaxial cable, prove to be a limiting factor for high speed communications. Fiber optic methods provide a feasible solution that lacks the limitations of metallic mediums, including low bandwidth, cross talk caused by magnetic induction, and susceptibility to static and RF interferences. The first scientists to work with fibers optics started in 1970. One of the early challenges they faced was to produce glass fiber that was pure enough to be equal in performance with copper based media. Since then, the technology has advanced tremendously in terms of performance, quality, and consistency. The advancement of fiber optic communication has met its limits, not in the purity of its fiber media used to guide the data-modulated light wave, but in the conversion back and forth between electric signals to light. A high speed optic receiver must be used to convert the incident light into electrical signals. This thesis describes the design of a 2.5 GHz Optoelectronic Amplifier, the front end of an optic receiver. The discussion includes a survey of feasible topologies and an assessment of circuit techniques to enhance performance. The amplifier was designed and realized in a TSMC 0.18 µm CMOS process

Analysis of Renewable Energy Policies Related to Repowering the Wind Energy Sector: the Spanish Case

In countries that started early with wind energy, the old wind turbines were located in places where the wind is often very good. Since the best places in which the wind is concerned are occupied by old wind turbines (with lower capacity than the more recent ones) the trend is to start replacing old turbines with new ones. With repowering, the first generation of wind turbines can be replaced by modern multi-megawatt wind turbines. The aim of this article is to analyze energy policies in the Spanish energy sector in the repowering of wind farms from the viewpoint of the current situation of the wind energy sector. The approach presented in this article is meant to explain what have been the policies related to the repowering sector making a brief analysis of the spectrum of different stimulii that are demanded by the market analyzing also the future perspectives of the repowering sector by establishing the new opportunities based on the new published regulations

The rotavirus vaccine landscape, an update

Rotavirus is the leading cause of severe acute childhood gastroenteritis, responsible for more than 128,500 deaths per year, mainly in low-income countries. Although the mortality rate has dropped significantly since the introduction of the first vaccines around 2006, an estimated 83,158 deaths are still preventable. The two main vaccines currently deployed, Rotarix and RotaTeq, both live oral vaccines, have been shown to be less effective in developing countries. In addition, they have been associated with a slight risk of intussusception, and the need for cold chain maintenance limits the accessibility of these vaccines to certain areas, leaving 65% of children worldwide unvaccinated and therefore unprotected. Against this backdrop, here we review the main vaccines under development and the state of the art on potential alternatives

Rainfall characteristics in León in 2016 and 2017

Ponencia presentada en: XXXV Jornadas Científicas de la AME y el XIX Encuentro Hispano Luso de Meteorología celebrado en León, del 5 al 7 de marzo de 2018.Nowadays, air pollution is one of the principal risk to human health and rain is the main sink of aerosol particles in the atmosphere, since it is the main process to mitigate pollution. Furthermore, the study of rainfall characteristics is crucial because it can provide information about present and future risks in an area, related to rain amount or intensity. In order to know the characteristics of the precipitation in the city of León, rain was sampled during 2016 and 2017 using a Laser Precipitation Monitor (LPM) of Thies Clima which registered drops between 0.125 and 8 mm in 22 channels. Furthermore, a Circulation Weather Types (CWTs) classification was carried out based on Lamb (1972), to identify the weather type related to a peculiar synoptic situation in days with rain. Focusing on rain characteristics in the city of León, 3.23·109 drops m-2 have fallen in 2016 with a mean size of 0.36±0.20 mm and 1.06·109 drops m-2 in 2017 with a mean size of 0.35±0.19 mm. The rain characteristic according to Lamb Weather Types during rain events will be analyzed.This work was partially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Grant TEC2014-57821-R), the University of Leon (Programa Propio 2015/00054/001) and the AERORAIN project (Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Grant CGL2014-52556-R, ERDF co-financed)

Laboratorios virtuales aplicados a la Física universitaria: situación actual y perspectivas futuras

El presente trabajo trata del estado actual de las herramientas aplicables a las prácticas de laboratorio en las asignaturas universitarias de Física. La situación causada por la pandemia provocada por el coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 ha provocado la proliferación de empresas que desarrollan laboratorios virtuales y el desarrollo de múltiples herramientas, gratuitas o no, aplicables a las prácticas online. Este trabajo recoge una descripción de las principales herramientas disponibles. Además, se comparan los resultados de una misma práctica realizada de modo online y presencial sobre la ley de Stokes. Se ha observado que ambos modos presentaron similares resultados académicos, con un menor tiempo de práctica y un menor coste asociado para la práctica online. Por último, se incluye una reflexión sobre la futura aplicación de prácticas virtuales 3D y su utilización conjunta con prácticas presenciales

Mortality in patients undergoing open aortoiliac surgery : prognostic value of troponin T in tehe inmediate postoperative period

Producción CientíficaBackground: Patients undergoing open aortoiliac surgery constitute a high-risk subgroup. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between postoperative troponin T (TnT) elevation with the associated postoperative mortality, and mean hospital stay. Methods: This was a prospective observational study of consecutive patients who underwent open aortoiliac surgery during 2006. TnT levels in the first 72 hours after the operation, immediate mortality, postoperative care unit stay, and total postoperative hospital stay were recorded. Statistical analyses were performed with the program SPSS 14.0; the chi-square test (or the Fisher’s exact test) was used for qualitative variables and the ManneWhitney test for quantitative variables. Results: Of the 65 patients included in the study, postoperative TnT was elevated in 14 (21.5%) patients. No significant differences were found in age, sex, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, diabetes mellitus, ischemic heart disease, heart failure, bronchopathy, or renal failure between groups. Mortality in patients with elevated TnT levels was significantly higher (42% compared with 3.92%; relative risk 10.93 ± 0.76; p ¼ 0.001). Likewise, their mean postoperative intensive care unit stay was significantly greater (23.21 ± 6.96 days compared to 2.86 ± 1.96; p < 0.001). This finding resulted in a significantly longer postoperative hospital stay (32.57 ± 25.38 days compared with 12.47 ± 2.21). Conclusion: TnT level in the immediate postoperative period is a highly relevant indicator of prognosis in patients undergoing major vascular surger

Oclusión arterial atraumática con poloxámero 407: nueva técnica en arterias calcificadas

Producción CientíficaVariosartículoshanevaluadoelempleodelpoloxámero 407 enlaoclusióntemporaldearteriascoronariasenciru- gía cardiaca7,8, odearteriasrenalesdurantenefrectomías robóticas9. Elpoloxámero407suponeunmétodoalternativo a lainterrupcióndelflujosanguíneoqueevitaelproblema de lalesiónporclampaje.Esindependientedelacalcifica- ción parietalodelaslesionesateroscleróticasdelapared del vaso

Estudio epidemiológico de la hidatidosis en el departamento Maracó en la Provincia de La Pampa

The Echinococcus granulosus is the agent that causes the classical hydatidosis or cystic echinococcosis. The most enlarged cycle in South America is the sheep-dog cycle, it offers excellent conditions for the development of the parasite. The province of La Pampa shows an endemic presence with notification of human cases and infected dogs. The distribution and prevalence of the disease in the Department of Maracó, La Pampa , Argentina was evaluated during the years 1996 and 1997.Dogs of 36 fanns that had ovines, were dosed with arecoline hydrobromide at doses of 3.5 mg/kg , the result obtained was that 75% were positive to Tennia spp. and 8% to Echinococcus granulosus. In total 137 dogs were evaluated , being from 3 to 4 per fann, from wich 58% were positive to Tennia spp. and 2,6% to Echinococcus granulosus. Infonnation from 187.790 slaughtered cattle was obtained between the years 1996 and 1997 in two slaughterhouses in the province of La Pampa. Analysis from the clinical records indicated 11 human cases that appeared during the period 96/97 (annual incidence rate of 6.79 x 100.000 inhabitants). As a concequence, it is of sanitary nterest to enlarge the investigations in other districts of the province of La Pampa with the aim of delimiting the endemic distribution area within the province, and also organising epidemiologic watchfulness systems of the illnesl Echinococcus granulosus es el agente causal de la hidatidosis clásica o echinococosis quística. En América del Sur el ciclo más extendido es el que involucra al perro y la oveja, al existir condiciones para la permanencia del parásito. La provincia de La Pampa mantiene una presencia endémica con notificación de casos en humanos y perros infectados. En los años 1996 y 1997 se evaluó la prevalencia y distribución de esta parasitosis en el Departamento Maracó, provincia de La Pampa. Para la determinación del parasitismo canino, se dosificaron los canes con Bromhidrato de Arecolina a la dosis de 3,5 mg/kg de peso. Dicho diagnóstico se realizó en 36 establecimientos ganaderos en los que se crian ovinos, donde el 75% fueron positivos a Tenia spp. y el 8% a Echinococcus granulosus; Se evaluaron 137 perros en total, a razón de 3 a 4 perros por establecimiento, de los cuales el 58% fueron positivos a Tenia spp. y el 2,6% a Echinococcus granulosus. Se obtuvo información de 187.790 vacunos faenados entre los años 1996 y 1997 en dos frigoríficos de la provincia de La Pampa. Se recabó información de los centros asistenciales de la zona, donde se registraron 11 casos humanos en el período 96/97 tasa de incidencia: 6,79 x 100.000). Como consecuencia de ello es de interés sanitario ampliar las investigaciones a otros departamentos provinciales, a los efectos de delimitar el área endémica de distribución y organizar sistemas de vigilancia epidemiológica de la enfermeda

Tipos de tiempo y calidad del aire en tres estaciones de fondo del NW peninsular

Ponencia presentada en: XXXV Jornadas Científicas de la AME y el XIX Encuentro Hispano Luso de Meteorología celebrado en León, del 5 al 7 de marzo de 2018.La contaminación atmosférica se ha incrementado principalmente por el desarrollo de actividades industriales y económicas. Además, hay que tener en cuenta no sólo la contaminación atmosférica generada cerca de las fuentes, sino también la que se ha transportado hacia zonas alejadas, conocidas como regiones de fondo. En este trabajo se estudia la evolución de las concentraciones de los contaminantes atmosféricos en tres estaciones de fondo de la Península Ibérica y se buscan las posibles relaciones entre la concentración de contaminantes atmosféricos y las condiciones meteorológicas en dichas estaciones.Este trabajo ha sido parcialmente financiado por el Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (TEC2014-57821-R), la Universidad de León (Programa Propio 2015/00054/001) y el proyecto AERORAIN (Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, CGL2014-52556-R, cofinanciado con fondos FEDER)

Influencia de los parámetros meteorológicos en la contaminación del aire en la ciudad de Santander

Ponencia presentada en: XXXV Jornadas Científicas de la AME y el XIX Encuentro Hispano Luso de Meteorología celebrado en León, del 5 al 7 de marzo de 2018.Con este trabajo se pretende calcular, para cada tipo de tiempo, la concentración media de contaminantes presentes en la atmósfera y buscar las correlaciones significativas entre la concentración de dichos contaminantes y algunos parámetros meteorológicos en la ciudad de Santander. Para analizar las posibles diferencias significativas, se han aplicado tests no paramétricos.Este trabajo ha sido parcialmente financiado por el Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (TEC2014-57821-R), la Universidad de León (Programa Propio 2015/00054/001) y el proyecto AERORAIN (Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, CGL2014-52556-R, cofinanciado con fondos FEDER)